FASCISM-MUSSOLINI
The fascist movement founded by Benito Mussolini in Italy is the space immediately after World War II. Unable to grow because, by exploiting the resentment of soldiers who lose their employment, clipped nationalists who see the victory of Italy's richest and classes that are frightened by the possibility that there is a revolution as had just happened in Russia, adhere to all who were looking for a strong, authoritarian government, able to put things right, while the past governments were unable to cope. The fascist party now stands for the violence of his squads that the order imposed by force shocked by the Reds. Although in Italy there would never be a revolution as in Russia, peasants and labor movements were strong, so the fascists were often punitive and attacks against these groups. These expeditions were against the law and often also caused deaths, but were helped by the state seemed not to notice all this, indeed, many liberals and Catholics began to see the growth of sympathy with fascism. For this alliance with the fascists did in the election of '21, so the fascists arrived in parliament. At that time the government was weak and Mussolini took the opportunity to organize a march on Rome and the even weaker Vittorio Emanuele III gave the charge to Mussolini to form a new government. Taking advantage of the climate of fear and violence of his squads Mussolini gained an absolute majority, and the only one who tried to oppose Giacomo Matteotti was that, because of it, was brutally murdered by the fascists. Unfortunately, the king continued to support Mussolini turned Italy into a dictatorship, dissolved the party, took the legislature, abolished the strike and the freedom of the press and made a police and a court specialized in identifying and order opponents of the fascist government. All government opponents were killed, imprisoned or exiled: now in Italy there was the totalitarianism, fascism with that occupied all aspects of life.
fascist state required to accept without question and blindly obey the government and punish those who do not comply, and this gave rise to a large proportion of the population a kind of resigned indifference, had been taken from the taste for freedom and democracy.
Mussolini in 1938, to align with Germany, promulgated racial laws against Jews were excluded from public schools, military service and the civil servants. They were also banned mixed marriages. All this was condemned by the Catholic Church and bumped into the consciousness of many Italians who departed from the ideas of the regime.
The fascist foreign policy was aggressively sought the prestige that made Italy look like a great power. For this, one Mussolini had good relations with Hitler, he was afraid of his great power, then allied with him and made him ever more closely to get into his service. The policy of conquest by Mussolini from Ethiopia began: colonial adventure nonsense made only for propaganda reasons: to conquer a poor country with a cruel war. This put Mussolini into conflict with the League of Nations, which issued the sanctions against Italy. Mussolini then declared self-sufficiency: it is not consuming foreign products and recycle scrap metal. This system, however, Italy became even more dependent on Germany and impoverished our economy, especially in exports. Because Mussolini was subjected to Hitler do not know, maybe he saw in Germany that his ideal of power and wanted to take Italy to the same levels.
With the economic crisis of '29 was established the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction which was to help banks and industries in difficulty and then return them to individuals. In reality, the economic crisis was very long and was master of the state banks and industries that resumed only on the eve of the 2nd war thanks to the huge global demand for guns. As for agriculture, Mussolini made major remediation in wetlands, but they were mostly propaganda actions: Italian agriculture was backward, the driving force was 70% guaranteed by the animals. Even self-sufficiency, which reduced our exports did suffer Agriculture: resented especially the south where 60% of the workforce was engaged in the primary sector. This led to a great internal migration: from the south moved to Rome or to the north, then Mussolini passed a law that farm workers could not change residence: he had returned to the serfs.
The relationship between workers and employers were to be governed by the syndicates. Corporations were established, each of which brought together a sector of the economy according to fascism was used to reduce social tensions, actually served to depress wages. It was established the Fascist Party card mandatory for people working in public buildings. A positive activity of the syndicates was to create clubs after work, create mandatory insurance for workers, social security against illness and maternity protection.
Mussolini was a journalist, so he knew the importance of propaganda. At the beginning there was only the press, but it was his government began spread to radio and cinema, so they were sent "tissue" to newspapers and radio stations with instructions on what must be said. LUCE institute was entrusted with the production of documentary films as propaganda.
Fascism also crept into the school and leisure time, both adults and children. Children under 8 years were called sons of the wolf, then became Balilla, also indicated that commercial products as cheap, from 14 to 18 years were avant-garde. The girls were young Italian first small then. It was all a mandatory system to indoctrinate young men and women over fascism. Although the sport was used as a propaganda system, such as the World Cup. While in
'39 Italy signed the Pact of Steel with Germany, which set off the tragic adventure of the Second World War. Mussolini isolated from Italian and foreign companies. He was surrounded by people who supports him so lost touch with reality. Among other things, he believed that Italy was powerfully armed, did not know and nobody told him that while America was building 50,000 planes a year, Italy he could only build 1500. not even realized that Italy did not want war and did not even want an alliance with Germany because he did not share its policy against the Jews. Faced with these facts, many, including military lost confidence in the regime and then go to swell the ranks of the Italian resistance against fascism.
During the period of fascism were the average wages of 500 lire per month. The electricity, running water and heating were far more common. Even lower middle class and could have used the bathroom in the house. There were lots of bicycles, motorcycles and mopeds, yet there were few cars like the FIAT Balilla and Mickey Mouse. So widespread was the radio, both in public places in private homes. For working class families were cooperative or outlets with lower prices, however, half of the salary needed to eat. In the homes of the peasants in Sicily in the south still lacked water Current electricity. The daily wage laborer's also included a ration of bread and wine. The average life of slightly over 55 years.
The fascist movement founded by Benito Mussolini in Italy is the space immediately after World War II. Unable to grow because, by exploiting the resentment of soldiers who lose their employment, clipped nationalists who see the victory of Italy's richest and classes that are frightened by the possibility that there is a revolution as had just happened in Russia, adhere to all who were looking for a strong, authoritarian government, able to put things right, while the past governments were unable to cope. The fascist party now stands for the violence of his squads that the order imposed by force shocked by the Reds. Although in Italy there would never be a revolution as in Russia, peasants and labor movements were strong, so the fascists were often punitive and attacks against these groups. These expeditions were against the law and often also caused deaths, but were helped by the state seemed not to notice all this, indeed, many liberals and Catholics began to see the growth of sympathy with fascism. For this alliance with the fascists did in the election of '21, so the fascists arrived in parliament. At that time the government was weak and Mussolini took the opportunity to organize a march on Rome and the even weaker Vittorio Emanuele III gave the charge to Mussolini to form a new government. Taking advantage of the climate of fear and violence of his squads Mussolini gained an absolute majority, and the only one who tried to oppose Giacomo Matteotti was that, because of it, was brutally murdered by the fascists. Unfortunately, the king continued to support Mussolini turned Italy into a dictatorship, dissolved the party, took the legislature, abolished the strike and the freedom of the press and made a police and a court specialized in identifying and order opponents of the fascist government. All government opponents were killed, imprisoned or exiled: now in Italy there was the totalitarianism, fascism with that occupied all aspects of life.
fascist state required to accept without question and blindly obey the government and punish those who do not comply, and this gave rise to a large proportion of the population a kind of resigned indifference, had been taken from the taste for freedom and democracy.
Mussolini in 1938, to align with Germany, promulgated racial laws against Jews were excluded from public schools, military service and the civil servants. They were also banned mixed marriages. All this was condemned by the Catholic Church and bumped into the consciousness of many Italians who departed from the ideas of the regime.
The fascist foreign policy was aggressively sought the prestige that made Italy look like a great power. For this, one Mussolini had good relations with Hitler, he was afraid of his great power, then allied with him and made him ever more closely to get into his service. The policy of conquest by Mussolini from Ethiopia began: colonial adventure nonsense made only for propaganda reasons: to conquer a poor country with a cruel war. This put Mussolini into conflict with the League of Nations, which issued the sanctions against Italy. Mussolini then declared self-sufficiency: it is not consuming foreign products and recycle scrap metal. This system, however, Italy became even more dependent on Germany and impoverished our economy, especially in exports. Because Mussolini was subjected to Hitler do not know, maybe he saw in Germany that his ideal of power and wanted to take Italy to the same levels.
With the economic crisis of '29 was established the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction which was to help banks and industries in difficulty and then return them to individuals. In reality, the economic crisis was very long and was master of the state banks and industries that resumed only on the eve of the 2nd war thanks to the huge global demand for guns. As for agriculture, Mussolini made major remediation in wetlands, but they were mostly propaganda actions: Italian agriculture was backward, the driving force was 70% guaranteed by the animals. Even self-sufficiency, which reduced our exports did suffer Agriculture: resented especially the south where 60% of the workforce was engaged in the primary sector. This led to a great internal migration: from the south moved to Rome or to the north, then Mussolini passed a law that farm workers could not change residence: he had returned to the serfs.
The relationship between workers and employers were to be governed by the syndicates. Corporations were established, each of which brought together a sector of the economy according to fascism was used to reduce social tensions, actually served to depress wages. It was established the Fascist Party card mandatory for people working in public buildings. A positive activity of the syndicates was to create clubs after work, create mandatory insurance for workers, social security against illness and maternity protection.
Mussolini was a journalist, so he knew the importance of propaganda. At the beginning there was only the press, but it was his government began spread to radio and cinema, so they were sent "tissue" to newspapers and radio stations with instructions on what must be said. LUCE institute was entrusted with the production of documentary films as propaganda.
Fascism also crept into the school and leisure time, both adults and children. Children under 8 years were called sons of the wolf, then became Balilla, also indicated that commercial products as cheap, from 14 to 18 years were avant-garde. The girls were young Italian first small then. It was all a mandatory system to indoctrinate young men and women over fascism. Although the sport was used as a propaganda system, such as the World Cup. While in
'39 Italy signed the Pact of Steel with Germany, which set off the tragic adventure of the Second World War. Mussolini isolated from Italian and foreign companies. He was surrounded by people who supports him so lost touch with reality. Among other things, he believed that Italy was powerfully armed, did not know and nobody told him that while America was building 50,000 planes a year, Italy he could only build 1500. not even realized that Italy did not want war and did not even want an alliance with Germany because he did not share its policy against the Jews. Faced with these facts, many, including military lost confidence in the regime and then go to swell the ranks of the Italian resistance against fascism.
During the period of fascism were the average wages of 500 lire per month. The electricity, running water and heating were far more common. Even lower middle class and could have used the bathroom in the house. There were lots of bicycles, motorcycles and mopeds, yet there were few cars like the FIAT Balilla and Mickey Mouse. So widespread was the radio, both in public places in private homes. For working class families were cooperative or outlets with lower prices, however, half of the salary needed to eat. In the homes of the peasants in Sicily in the south still lacked water Current electricity. The daily wage laborer's also included a ration of bread and wine. The average life of slightly over 55 years.
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